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ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM › DRUGS USED IN DIABETES › INSULINS AND ANALOGUES › Insulins and analogues for injection, long-acting
insulin (beef)
A10AE02
Forms & Strengths
- Injection: 100 units/mL (U-100) in 10 mL vials
Adult Dosing
- Individualized based on blood glucose monitoring, metabolic needs, and glycemic targets
- Subcutaneous injection: Administered 30 to 45 minutes before meals
Pediatric Dosing
- Individualized based on body weight, metabolic control, and pubertal status
- Typical total daily dose ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 units/kg/day in divided doses
Indications
- Treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus to control hyperglycemia
- Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus when lifestyle modifications and oral agents are insufficient
Mechanism of Action
- Binds to insulin receptors on target tissues (muscle, adipose, liver)
- Stimulates cellular glucose uptake and inhibits hepatic glucose production, lipolysis, and proteolysis
Contraindications
- Hypoglycemia
- Hypersensitivity to beef insulin or any excipient in the formulation
Adverse Reactions
- Hypoglycemia (common, potentially severe)
- Weight gain
- Hypokalemia
- Lipodystrophy or lipoatrophy at injection sites
- Allergic reactions and antibody development (higher incidence with animal-source insulins)
Drug Interactions
- Beta-blockers may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia and alter glycemic control
- Corticosteroids, thiazide diuretics, and sympathomimetics may decrease insulin efficacy
- Oral hypoglycemic agents, ACE inhibitors, and alcohol may potentiate the glucose-lowering effect
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use