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ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM › VITAMINS › MULTIVITAMINS, COMBINATIONS › Multivitamins with minerals
multivitamins and trace elements
A11AA04
Forms & Strengths
- Oral tablets/capsules: various proprietary combinations of vitamins A, C, D, E, K, B-complex plus trace minerals
- Intravenous (IV) injection/infusion: pediatric and adult formulations (e.g., M.V.I., Infuvite) requiring reconstitution
Adult Dosing
- Oral: 1 tablet or capsule daily with food
- IV: 1 vial daily added to intravenous solutions for patients receiving parenteral nutrition
Pediatric Dosing
- Oral: Age-specific chewable or liquid formulations dosed per manufacturer or RDA guidelines
- IV (Neonates to <11 years): Pediatric formulation based on weight (e.g., 1-3 mL/day for infants, 5-10 mL/day for children)
Indications
- Prevention and treatment of vitamin and trace element deficiencies
- Nutritional supplementation for patients with increased metabolic demands or restricted intake
- Daily maintenance for patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Mechanism of Action
- Provides exogenous essential vitamins acting as coenzymes, cofactors, and antioxidants in metabolic pathways
- Supplies essential trace elements (e.g., zinc, copper, chromium, manganese, selenium) required for enzymatic reactions and structural proteins
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to any vitamin, trace element, or excipient in the formulation
- Pre-existing hypervitaminosis (e.g., Vitamin A or D toxicity)
- Conditions with iron or copper overload (e.g., hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease) unless specific formulations are used
Adverse Reactions
- Gastrointestinal upset, nausea, constipation, or diarrhea (oral formulations)
- Discoloration of urine (typically bright yellow due to riboflavin)
- Allergic or anaphylactoid reactions to specific components (e.g., thiamine or preservatives in IV preparations)
Drug Interactions
- Oral multivalent cations (iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc) can chelate and decrease absorption of tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and bisphosphonates
- Vitamin K antagonizes the anticoagulant effect of warfarin
- Levodopa efficacy may be reduced by concurrent pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) administration without a decarboxylase inhibitor
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use