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BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS › BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND PERFUSION SOLUTIONS › IRRIGATING SOLUTIONS › Other irrigating solutions
glucose
B05CX01
Forms & Strengths
- Intravenous injection: 5%, 10%, 20%, 50% solutions
- Oral gel: 40%
- Oral tablets: 4g, 6g chewable
Adult Dosing
- Hypoglycemia (IV): 10 to 25 g (20 to 50 mL of 50% solution) IV push; may repeat as needed
- Hypoglycemia (Oral): 15 to 20 g orally; repeat in 15 minutes if blood glucose remains low
- Severe caloric deficit/parenteral nutrition: Individualized based on clinical status and caloric requirements
Pediatric Dosing
- Neonatal hypoglycemia (IV): 200 to 500 mg/kg (2 to 5 mL/kg of 10% dextrose) IV slowly
- Hypoglycemia (Children, IV): 0.5 to 1 g/kg (2 to 4 mL/kg of 25% solution) IV
- Hypoglycemia (Children, Oral): 0.3 g/kg up to 15 to 20 g orally
Indications
- Treatment of severe hypoglycemia
- Management of insulin-induced hypoglycemia (insulin shock)
- Provision of carbohydrate calories in parenteral nutrition
- Temporary treatment of hyperkalemia (with insulin)
Mechanism of Action
- Restores blood glucose concentrations by directly providing dextrose monosaccharide
- Decreases hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis temporarily through elevation of circulating blood glucose
- Provides immediate caloric substrate for cellular metabolism
Contraindications
- Anuria or severe renal failure where fluid administration is hazardous
- Intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage
- Delirium tremens in dehydrated patients
- Glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome (for oral formulations)
Adverse Reactions
- Hyperglycemia and associated osmotic diuresis
- Fluid overload, pulmonary edema, and peripheral edema
- Electrolyte disturbances (hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia)
- Venous irritation, phlebitis, and extravasation necrosis at injection site
Drug Interactions
- Insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents: Antagonizes the therapeutic effects of glucose-lowering drugs
- Corticosteroids: May increase blood glucose concentrations, potentially worsening hyperglycemia
- Potassium-lowering agents: Co-administration with insulin and glucose can precipitate severe hypokalemia
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use