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BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS › BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND PERFUSION SOLUTIONS › I.V. SOLUTION ADDITIVES › Electrolyte solutions
sodium chloride
B05XA03
Forms & Strengths
- 0.9% solution for injection
- 0.45% solution for injection
- 0.225% solution for injection
- 3% solution for injection
- 5% solution for injection
- 10% solution for injection
- 20% solution for injection
Adult Dosing
- 0.9% solution: 1000-2000 mL IV over 12-24 hours for maintenance fluids
- 0.45% solution: 1000-2000 mL IV over 12-24 hours for maintenance fluids
- 3% solution: 100-500 mL IV over 1-3 hours for severe hyponatremia
- 5% solution: 10-20 mL IV over 1-2 minutes for CPR
Pediatric Dosing
- 0.9% solution: 20-40 mL/kg IV over 12-24 hours for maintenance fluids
- 0.45% solution: 20-40 mL/kg IV over 12-24 hours for maintenance fluids
- 3% solution: 2-6 mL/kg IV over 1-3 hours for severe hyponatremia
Indications
- Treatment of fluid and electrolyte imbalance
- Maintenance fluids for adults and pediatric patients
- Severe hyponatremia
- Hemorrhage or burns
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Mechanism of Action
- Replenishes sodium and chloride ions to maintain proper fluid balance
- Helps maintain proper electrolyte balance and pH
- Increases blood volume and cardiac output
Contraindications
- Hypernatremia
- Fluid overload
- Severe pulmonary edema
Adverse Reactions
- Fluid overload
- Hypokalemia
- Metabolic acidosis
- Hypernatremia
- Hypertension
Drug Interactions
- Potassium supplements: increased risk of hyperkalemia
- Lithium: decreased lithium clearance and increased lithium toxicity
- ACE inhibitors: increased risk of hyperkalemia
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use