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BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS › BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND PERFUSION SOLUTIONS › I.V. SOLUTION ADDITIVES › Electrolyte solutions
electrolytes in combination with other drugs
B05XA31
Forms & Strengths
- Solution for infusion: calcium 2.2 mmol, magnesium 1.5 mmol, potassium 3 mmol, sodium 129 mmol, chloride 109 mmol per 1000 mL
- Solution for infusion: calcium 1.75 mmol, magnesium 1 mmol, potassium 2 mmol, sodium 140 mmol, chloride 108 mmol per 1000 mL
Adult Dosing
- The dose and infusion rate should be adjusted according to individual patient needs
- Typical dose: 1000 mL solution over 8-12 hours
- Maximum dose: 2000 mL solution per 24 hours
Pediatric Dosing
- Neonates and infants: dose and infusion rate should be determined by pediatric specialist
- Children: dose is typically based on body weight, 1-2 mmol potassium per kilogram per hour
- Maximum dose: not established, use with caution
Indications
- Treatment of mild to moderate electrolyte disturbances, particularly during or after surgery
- Prevention of electrolyte disturbances in patients at risk
- Treatment of metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis
- Perioperative fluid and electrolyte management
Mechanism of Action
- Calcium: essential for muscle contraction, nerve transmission and blood coagulation
- Magnesium: plays critical role in many bodily functions including muscle contraction and nerve transmission
- Potassium: crucial for maintaining proper heart function and blood pressure
- Sodium and chloride: essential for maintaining proper fluid balance and blood volume
Contraindications
- Hyperkalemia or severe hypernatremia
- Severe renal impairment or hypercalcemia
- Hypersensitivity to any of the components
- Metabolic or respiratory acidosis due to chloride ion
Adverse Reactions
- Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hypernatremia, fluid overload
- Cardiac arrest, arrhythmias, respiratory depression, muscle weakness
- Nausea, vomiting, injection site reactions, hypersensitivity reactions
Drug Interactions
- Digitalis glycosides: increased risk of digitalis toxicity with hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia
- Muscle relaxants: enhanced neuromuscular blockade with hypermagnesemia
- Cardiac glycosides: risk of cardiac arrhythmias with hyperkalemia or hypokalemia
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use