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DERMATOLOGICALS › OTHER DERMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS › OTHER DERMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS › Other dermatologicals
hydroquinone
D11AX11
Forms & Strengths
- cream 2%
- cream 4%
- gel 2%
- solution 2%
- combination products with tretinoin and fluocinolone
Adult Dosing
- apply 2-4% cream/gel topically bid
- max 4-6% concentration for severe cases under supervision
- limit treatment duration to 3-6 months
Pediatric Dosing
- Safety and efficacy not established in children under 12 years
- apply 2% cream/gel topically bid for children over 12 years
Indications
- melasma
- chloasma
- senile lentigines
- freckles
- hyperpigmentation
Mechanism of Action
- inhibits tyrosinase enzyme
- blocks conversion of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA
- reduces melanin production
Contraindications
- hypersensitivity to hydroquinone
- patients with sensitive skin
- children under 12 years old
- pregnancy and lactation
Adverse Reactions
- skin irritation
- contact dermatitis
- dryness
- hypopigmentation
- exogenous ochronosis with prolonged use
Drug Interactions
- resorcinol, phenol, or salicylic acid may increase risk of exogenous ochronosis
- hydrocortisone may be combined in some formulations
- caution with concomitant use of sunscreens, may increase hydroquinone penetration
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use