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DERMATOLOGICALS › OTHER DERMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS › OTHER DERMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS › Other dermatologicals
caffeine
D11AX26
Forms & Strengths
- Tablets: 50mg, 100mg, 200mg
- Capsules: 50mg, 100mg, 200mg
- Solution: 10mg/mL
- Gum: 5mg, 10mg
- Brewed beverage: 60-180mg per 8oz cup
Adult Dosing
- Acute fatigue, mood: 50-200mg every 4-6 hours as needed
- Chronic fatigue, mood: 100-400mg daily in divided doses
- Exercise performance: 1-3mg/kg 30-60 minutes before event
- Apnea of prematurity (off-label): 5-10mg/kg every 24 hours
Pediatric Dosing
- Apnea of prematurity (off-label): 5-10mg/kg every 24 hours
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, off-label): 2-5mg/kg every 4-6 hours as needed
- Children <12 years: 2.5-5mg/kg every 4-6 hours as needed for fatigue or attention
Indications
- Acute fatigue, mood enhancement
- Physical, athletic performance enhancement
- Treatment of apnea of prematurity in neonates (off-label)
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, off-label)
Mechanism of Action
- Adenosine receptor antagonist
- Increased alertness, arousal, neurotransmitter release via adrenergic, dopaminergic pathways
- Smooth muscle relaxation, bronchodilation, diuresis via phosphodiesterase inhibition
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to caffeine or other xanthine derivatives
- Pregnancy, especially in high doses or near term
Adverse Reactions
- Insomnia, anxiety, jitteriness, tachycardia, tremors, heart palpitations
- Gastrointestinal upset, nausea, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, lightheadedness
- Seizures at very high doses, arrhythmias in sensitive individuals
Drug Interactions
- Theophylline: additive toxicity
- Adrenergic agonists: increased risk of arrhythmias, hypertension
- Antacids: delayed caffeine absorption
- Cimetidine, fluvoxamine: increased caffeine levels via CYP1A2 inhibition
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use