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GENITO URINARY SYSTEM AND SEX HORMONES › UROLOGICALS › UROLOGICALS › Acidifiers
calcium chloride
G04BA03
Forms & Strengths
- Injection: 100 mg/mL (10%) in 10 mL vials and syringes
Adult Dosing
- Hypocalcemia: 500 mg to 1000 mg (5 to 10 mL of 10% solution) IV slowly, repeated as needed based on serum calcium levels
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, calcium channel blocker toxicity): 500 mg to 1000 mg (5 to 10 mL) IV push, may repeat in 10 minutes
Pediatric Dosing
- Hypocalcemia / Resuscitation: 20 mg/kg (0.2 mL/kg of 10% solution) IV/IO slowly, maximum single dose 1000 mg (10 mL)
Indications
- Emergency treatment of hypocalcemia requiring rapid increase in serum ionized calcium
- Adjunct in cardiac resuscitation, particularly in the presence of hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, or calcium channel blocker toxicity
Mechanism of Action
- Provides calcium ions to extracellular fluids, essential for the functional integrity of nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems, cardiac contractility, and blood coagulation
Contraindications
- Ventricular fibrillation during cardiac resuscitation
- Hypercalcemia
- Calcium renal calculi
- Digitalis toxicity (relative contraindication due to risk of severe arrhythmias)
Adverse Reactions
- Peripheral vasodilation, decrease in blood pressure, syncope
- Bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac arrest upon rapid administration
- Sensation of heat, chalky taste, flushing
- Severe tissue necrosis, sloughing, and calcification upon extravasation
Drug Interactions
- Digitalis glycosides: concurrent use increases risk of severe cardiac arrhythmias
- Thiazide diuretics: may cause hypercalcemia due to decreased renal calcium excretion
- Ceftriaxone: precipitation in neonates can occur (do not mix or administer concurrently)
- Calcium channel blockers: effects may be antagonized by calcium administration
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use