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combinations

J01CE30

Forms & Strengths

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin combinations (e.g., ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam)
Various parenteral and oral formulations depending on the specific combination agent

Adult Dosing

Dosing varies widely by specific antibiotic combination agent
Piperacillin/tazobactam: 3.375 g to 4.5 g IV every 6 hours for severe infections
Ampicillin/sulbactam: 1.5 g to 3 g IV every 6 hours

Pediatric Dosing

Dosing determined by specific agent and patient weight/age
Piperacillin/tazobactam (patients >2 months): 75-100 mg/kg IV every 6 to 8 hours depending on infection severity

Indications

Treatment of susceptible bacterial infections involving beta-lactamase-producing strains
Complicated intra-abdominal infections
Skin and soft tissue infections
Severe pneumonia and hospital-acquired infections

Mechanism of Action

Bactericidal action via inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
Beta-lactamase inhibitor component protects the active antibiotic from degradation by resistant bacterial enzymes

Contraindications

Known hypersensitivity to penicillins, beta-lactams, or beta-lactamase inhibitors
History of previous severe hypersensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis, to any beta-lactam antibiotic

Adverse Reactions

Diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis
Nausea and vomiting
Hypersensitivity reactions including rash, urticaria, and anaphylaxis
Injection site reactions
Transient elevation of liver transaminases

Drug Interactions

Probenecid decreases renal elimination of penicillins, increasing serum concentrations
May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives
Concomitant aminoglycosides may result in synergistic bactericidal activity but physical incompatibility in IV lines
Anticoagulants may have enhanced bleeding risk due to platelet function inhibition at high doses

Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use