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ANTIINFECTIVES FOR SYSTEMIC USE › ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE › BETA-LACTAM ANTIBACTERIALS, PENICILLINS › Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins
dicloxacillin
J01CF01
Adult Dosing
- Mild to moderate infections: 125 mg to 250 mg orally every 6 hours
- Severe infections: 500 mg orally every 6 hours
- Duration depends on type and severity of infection
Pediatric Dosing
- Children weighing < 40 kg: 12.5 to 25 mg/kg/day orally divided every 6 hours
- Children weighing ≥ 40 kg: Adult dosing applies
Indications
- Treatment of infections caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci
- Skin and skin structure infections (e.g., cellulitis, furunculosis, impetigo)
- Upper and lower respiratory tract staphylococcal infections
Mechanism of Action
- Bactericidal penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam antibiotic
- Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)
- Resistant to inactivation by staphylococcal penicillinase
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to dicloxacillin or other penicillins
- History of penicillin-associated cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction
Adverse Reactions
- Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric distress
- Hypersensitivity: Rash, urticaria, anaphylaxis
- Hepatic: Transient elevations in transaminases, cholestatic jaundice
- Hematologic: Eosinophilia, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
Drug Interactions
- Bacteriostatic antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin, tetracyclines) may antagonize the bactericidal effect of penicillins
- Probenecid decreases renal tubular secretion of dicloxacillin, increasing serum concentrations
- May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives
- May increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use