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ANTIINFECTIVES FOR SYSTEMIC USE › ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE › OTHER BETA-LACTAM ANTIBACTERIALS › Second-generation cephalosporins
cefprozil
J01DC10
Forms & Strengths
- Tablet: 250 mg, 500 mg
- Oral suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL
Adult Dosing
- Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: 500 mg PO q24h for 10 days
- Acute sinusitis: 250 mg to 500 mg PO q12h for 10 days
- Secondary bacterial infection of acute bronchitis: 500 mg PO q12h for 10 days
- Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections: 250 mg q12h or 500 mg q24h for 10 days
Pediatric Dosing
- Infants and children 6 months to 12 years:
- Otitis media: 15 mg/kg PO q12h for 10 days
- Acute sinusitis: 7.5 mg/kg to 15 mg/kg PO q12h for 10 days
- Pharyngitis/tonsillitis (children >= 2 years): 20 mg/kg PO q24h or 7.5 mg/kg PO q12h for 10 days
- Skin and skin structure: 20 mg/kg PO q24h for 10 days
Indications
- Pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
- Acute sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis
- Otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis
- Secondary bacterial infection of acute bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
- Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes
Mechanism of Action
- Second-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent
- Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)
- Results in inhibition of cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis, leading to bacterial cell lysis and death
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to cefprozil or other cephalosporin-class antibacterial drugs
- History of immediate and/or severe hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis) to penicillins or other beta-lactam agents
Adverse Reactions
- Diarrhea
- Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
- Dizziness
- Transient elevations in liver transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin
- Rash, urticaria, diaper rash in infants
- Superinfection, vaginal candidiasis
- Rare: pseudomembranous colitis, anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Drug Interactions
- Aminoglycosides: increased risk of nephrotoxicity
- Probenecid: decreases renal tubular secretion of cefprozil, increasing plasma concentrations and half-life
- Antacids: may decrease the absorption of cefprozil; administer at least 2 hours apart
- Coumarin anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): may rarely increase INR/prolong prothrombin time
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use