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ANTIINFECTIVES FOR SYSTEMIC USE › ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE › SULFONAMIDES AND TRIMETHOPRIM › Short-acting sulfonamides
sulfamethizole
J01EB02
Adult Dosing
- Urinary tract infections: 500 mg to 1 g orally 3 to 4 times daily
Pediatric Dosing
- Children older than 2 months: 30 to 45 mg/kg/day divided into 4 doses (maximum 2 g/day)
Indications
- Treatment of urinary tract infections caused by susceptible strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, and Proteus vulgaris
Mechanism of Action
- Competitively inhibits bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid via inhibition of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, halting folic acid synthesis required for bacterial growth and replication
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides
- Infants under 2 months of age due to risk of kernicterus
- Porphyria
- Marked hepatic damage or blood dyscrasias
- Severe renal insufficiency
Adverse Reactions
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Anorexia
- Skin rash
- Urticaria
- Pruritus
- Hypersensitivity reactions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- Blood dyscrasias including hemolytic anemia and agranulocytosis
Drug Interactions
- Potentiation of anticoagulant effect of coumarin derivatives (warfarin)
- Increased risk of hypoglycemia with oral hypoglycemic agents (sulfonylureas)
- Elevated serum levels and toxicity of methotrexate
- Reduced renal clearance and increased toxicity of methenamine
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use