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ANTIINFECTIVES FOR SYSTEMIC USE › ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE › SULFONAMIDES AND TRIMETHOPRIM › Long-acting sulfonamides
combinations
J01ED20
Forms & Strengths
- Tablets: 500mg/125mg
- Suspension: 200mg/50mg per 5mL
- IV: 1000mg/250mg per vial
Adult Dosing
- Community-acquired pneumonia: 500mg/125mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days
- Skin and skin structure infections: 500mg/125mg every 8-12 hours for 7-14 days
- Intra-abdominal infections: 1000mg/250mg IV every 8 hours for 5-14 days
Pediatric Dosing
- Children over 3 months: 20-40mg/kg/day amoxicillin with 5mg/kg/day clavulanic acid, divided every 8-12 hours
- Children under 3 months: 20-40mg/kg/day amoxicillin with 5mg/kg/day clavulanic acid, divided every 12 hours
Indications
- Community-acquired pneumonia
- Acute bacterial sinusitis
- Acute otitis media
- Skin and skin structure infections
- Intra-abdominal infections
- Urinary tract infections
Mechanism of Action
- Amoxicillin inhibits cell wall synthesis
- Clavulanic acid inhibits beta-lactamases
- Synergistic effect: extended spectrum of activity against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to penicillins or clavulanic acid
- Severe hepatic impairment
- History of cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction with previous use
Adverse Reactions
- Gastrointestinal: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
- Hepatic: elevated liver enzymes, cholestatic jaundice
- Hypersensitivity: anaphylaxis, angioedema, rash
- Renal: interstitial nephritis
Drug Interactions
- Allopurinol: increases risk of rash
- Methotrexate: increases risk of methotrexate toxicity
- Warfarin: increases INR
- Oral contraceptives: decreases contraceptive efficacy
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use