typhoid, oral, live attenuated

J07AP01

Forms & Strengths

Enteric-coated capsules: 2 x 10^9 viable Salmonella typhi Ty21a cells per capsule

Adult Dosing

Primary series: 1 capsule orally every other day for a total of 4 doses (Days 1, 3, 5, and 7)
Administer with cold or lukewarm water <37°C (98.6°F) at least 1 hour before a meal
Booster dose: Repeat full 4-dose series every 5 years for continued exposure risk

Pediatric Dosing

Children aged 6 years and older: Same schedule as adults (1 capsule every other day for 4 doses)
Safety and efficacy not established in children younger than 6 years

Indications

Active immunization against typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi
Recommended for travelers to endemic areas, laboratory personnel, and household contacts of typhoid carriers

Mechanism of Action

Live attenuated Salmonella typhi Ty21a strain stimulates cell-mediated immunity and antibody production against typhoid fever
Reaches the gut mucosa intact due to enteric coating, mimicking natural infection without causing disease

Contraindications

History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to the vaccine or any component of the formulation
Immunocompromised individuals (congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies, HIV, immunosuppressive therapy)
Acute febrile illness or acute gastrointestinal illness (defer administration until resolution)

Adverse Reactions

Drug Interactions

Antibiotics: Concurrent use of systemic antibacterial agents may interfere with the efficacy of the live vaccine; avoid administration during and for at least 3 days after completion of antibiotics
Antimalarials: Mefloquine, chloroquine, or other anti-malarials may interact; spacing recommendations vary
Vaccines: Can be administered simultaneously with other viral and bacterial vaccines (e.g., yellow fever), or separated by at least 4 weeks if live parenteral vaccines

Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use