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poliomyelitis oral, monovalent, live attenuated

J07BF01

Forms & Strengths

Oral suspension: monovalent live attenuated poliovirus vaccine types 1, 2, or 3
Administered via oral drops

Adult Dosing

Primary series: Typically not indicated for routine adult vaccination in industrialized countries
Outbreak control/travelers: 2 doses administered orally at an interval of 4 to 8 weeks
Booster: Single oral dose if previously fully vaccinated and at high risk of exposure

Pediatric Dosing

Primary series: 2 drops administered orally at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age according to WHO immunization schedules
Booster doses: Administered during supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) regardless of previous vaccination history

Indications

Prevention of poliomyelitis caused by poliovirus types 1, 2, or 3
Control of poliomyelitis outbreaks and eradication campaigns

Mechanism of Action

Induces active immunity against poliovirus by stimulating the production of serum neutralizing antibodies and mucosal secretory IgA in the intestine
Replicates in the intestinal mucosa, interrupting wild poliovirus transmission

Contraindications

Known hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine, including antibiotics (e.g., neomycin, streptomycin)
Primary or secondary immunodeficiency disorders (e.g., HIV, malignancy, immunosuppressive therapy)
Household contacts of immunocompromised individuals
Acute moderate to severe febrile illness

Adverse Reactions

Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) in vaccine recipients or close contacts
Fever
Diarrhea
Anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity reactions (rare)

Drug Interactions

Immunosuppressive agents and corticosteroids may reduce immune response and increase risk of severe systemic infection from live vaccine
Concurrent administration of other live vaccines may interfere with immune response (separate by at least 4 weeks if not given simultaneously)

Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use