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NERVOUS SYSTEM › ANESTHETICS › ANESTHETICS, GENERAL › Halogenated hydrocarbons
isoflurane
N01AB06
Forms & Strengths
- inhalation solution
- 99.9% w/w isoflurane
Adult Dosing
- induction: 0.5-3.0% in 100% O2
- maintenance: 0.2-2.5% for general anesthesia
Pediatric Dosing
- induction and maintenance: adjusted according to age, weight, and response
Indications
- induction and maintenance of general anesthesia
Mechanism of Action
- potentiation of inhibitory neurotransmission via GABA receptors
- inhibition of excitatory neurotransmission via NMDA receptors and voltage-gated ion channels
Contraindications
- hypersensitivity to isoflurane or other halogenated anesthetics
- severe hepatic dysfunction
- preeclampsia or eclampsia
Adverse Reactions
- respiratory depression
- hypotension
- arrhythmias
- postoperative nausea and vomiting
- malignant hyperthermia
Drug Interactions
- increased risk of hypotension with beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and ACE inhibitors
- enhanced sedative effects with benzodiazepines, opioids, and other CNS depressants
- interaction with succinylcholine may increase risk of malignant hyperthermia
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use