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procaine, combinations

N01BA52

Forms & Strengths

Injectable solution: Procaine hydrochloride combined with other agents (e.g., penicillins, local anesthetics)
Dental cartridges: Procaine HCl combined with vasoconstrictors like epinephrine

Adult Dosing

Infiltration/Peripheral nerve block: Individualized based on procedure, vascularity, and depth; typically 1% to 2% solutions
Max recommended dose: Generally not to exceed 1000 mg for procaine hydrochloride in a single session

Pediatric Dosing

Local/regional anesthesia: Reduced dosage calculated strictly by age, body weight, and physical status
Maximum dose: Should not exceed 5 mg/kg per procedure

Indications

Local and regional anesthesia via infiltration and peripheral nerve block
Dental anesthesia
Procaine penicillin G combinations used for intramuscular treatment of susceptible bacterial infections

Mechanism of Action

Esters-type local anesthetic that reversibly binds to voltage-gated sodium channels in neuronal membranes
Decreases nerve membrane permeability to sodium ions, preventing the generation and conduction of nerve impulses

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to procaine, other ester-type local anesthetics, or PABA derivatives
History of PABA/paraben hypersensitivity
Severe shock or heart block when used for systemic regional blocks

Adverse Reactions

CNS excitation/depression: Nervousness, dizziness, blurred vision, tremors, convulsions, drowsiness
Cardiovascular: Hypotension, myocardial depression, bradycardia, cardiac arrest
Allergic: Urticaria, edema, anaphylactoid reactions due to PABA metabolite

Drug Interactions

Sulfonamides: Procaine metabolites (PABA) may antagonize the antibacterial activity of sulfonamides
Neuromuscular blocking agents: May enhance or prolong the action of muscle relaxants
Vasoconstrictors: Co-administration prolongs duration of action and reduces systemic absorption

Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use