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NERVOUS SYSTEM › PSYCHOLEPTICS › ANTIPSYCHOTICS › Lithium
lithium
N05AN01
Forms & Strengths
- Tablets: 150mg, 300mg, 600mg
- Capsules: 150mg, 300mg, 600mg
- Solution: 300mg/5mL
- Extended-release tablets: 300mg, 450mg
Adult Dosing
- Acute manic episodes: 600-1200mg/day in 2-3 divided doses
- Maintenance bipolar treatment: 900-1200mg/day in 2-3 divided doses
- Dosage adjustments based on serum levels and clinical response
Pediatric Dosing
- Children under 12 years: not recommended
- Adolescents 12-17 years: 900-1200mg/day in 2-3 divided doses for bipolar disorder
Indications
- Treatment of acute manic episodes
- Maintenance therapy for bipolar disorder
- Augmentation of antidepressants in treatment-resistant unipolar depression
Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits inositol monophosphatase, reducing inositol levels
- Interferes with second messenger systems, affecting neurotransmitter release
- Increases serotonin and norepinephrine levels in the brain
Contraindications
- Pregnancy, especially during the first trimester
- Severe renal impairment
- Dehydration or sodium depletion
- Hypersensitivity to lithium
Adverse Reactions
- Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
- Tremors, muscle weakness, and fatigue
- Polyuria, polydipsia, and weight gain
- Confusion, ataxia, and seizures at toxic levels
Drug Interactions
- Diuretics: increase lithium levels and risk of toxicity
- NSAIDs: increase lithium levels and risk of toxicity
- ACE inhibitors: increase lithium levels and risk of toxicity
- Haloperidol: increases risk of extrapyramidal symptoms
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use