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benzalkonium

R02AA16

Forms & Strengths

Ophthalmic solution 0.01%, 0.0125%
Nasal spray 0.02%
Topical antiseptic solution 0.13%

Adult Dosing

Ophthalmic preservative: typically 1 drop per eye 1-2 times daily or per primary medication formulation
Nasal administration: 1-2 sprays per nostril as directed by formulation
Topical antiseptic: apply sparingly to affected area as needed

Pediatric Dosing

Safety and efficacy in pediatric patients established via inclusion as an excipient in approved formulations
Topical use: apply sparingly as directed for children

Indications

Used primarily as a preservative in ophthalmic, otic, and nasal formulations
Topical antiseptic for minor cuts, scrapes, and skin abrasions

Mechanism of Action

Quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant
Disrupts plasma membranes and causes leakage of intracellular constituents, leading to cell lysis and death of bacteria, fungi, and some viruses

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to benzalkonium chloride or other quaternary ammonium compounds
Avoid intraocular use of high concentrations

Adverse Reactions

Ocular irritation, stinging, and burning
Contact dermatitis and skin irritation
Keratopathy or corneal damage with chronic high-frequency use
Rhinitis medicamentosa or mucosal irritation with chronic nasal use

Drug Interactions

May precipitate with anionic compounds and proteins
Incompatible with certain ophthalmic active ingredients and contact lenses (can be absorbed by soft lenses)

Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use