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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM › DRUGS FOR OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASES › OTHER SYSTEMIC DRUGS FOR OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASES › Xanthines
etamiphylline
R03DA06
Forms & Strengths
- Tablet: 100 mg
- Suppository: 300 mg
- Injection: 200 mg/2 mL
Adult Dosing
- Oral: 200 mg to 400 mg 3 times daily
- Rectal: 300 mg once or twice daily
- Intramuscular/Intravenous: 200 mg as needed
Pediatric Dosing
- Safety and efficacy in pediatric patients not well established
- Use restricted or weight-adjusted under specialist supervision if necessary
Indications
- Bronchial asthma
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Reversible bronchospasm
Mechanism of Action
- Xanthine derivative and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor
- Increases intracellular cAMP leading to bronchodilation
- Antagonist at adenosine receptors
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to etamiphylline or other xanthines
- Recent myocardial infarction
- Acute tachyarrhythmias
- Severe liver disease
Adverse Reactions
- Nausea and vomiting
- Gastric irritation
- Tachycardia and palpitations
- Headache, nervousness, and insomnia
- Tremors
Drug Interactions
- Enhanced toxicity with other xanthines (e.g., theophylline)
- Increased metabolism with CYP enzyme inducers (e.g., rifampin, barbiturates)
- Decreased clearance with CYP enzyme inhibitors (e.g., cimetidine, macrolides)
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use