← Search & browse all drugs
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM › DRUGS FOR OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASES › OTHER SYSTEMIC DRUGS FOR OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASES › Xanthines and adrenergics
aminophylline and adrenergics
R03DB05
Forms & Strengths
- Fixed-dose combination products containing aminophylline and adrenergic bronchodilators (e.g., ephedrine, isoproterenol)
- Oral tablets and syrups varying by specific regional combination formulations
Adult Dosing
- Varies strictly by specific combination product labeling
- Typically 1 tablet orally every 6 to 8 hours as needed for bronchospasm
- Dose must be individualized based on clinical response and serum theophylline monitoring
Pediatric Dosing
- Not generally recommended for pediatric patients due to fixed-ratio limitations and high toxicity risk
- If used, dosage must be calculated strictly based on patient weight and specific product guidelines
Indications
- Symptomatic relief of reversible bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma
Mechanism of Action
- Aminophylline acts as a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist, causing bronchodilation and central respiratory stimulation
- Adrenergic component acts as a beta-adrenoceptor agonist, stimulating sympathetic bronchodilation and increasing cAMP
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to xanthines, sympathomimetics, or any component of the formulation
- Cardiac arrhythmias (such as tachyarrhythmias or severe coronary artery disease)
- Porphyria
- Concurrent use with other xanthine derivatives
Adverse Reactions
- Tachycardia, palpitations, cardiac arrhythmias
- Nervousness, tremor, anxiety, insomnia
- Nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal distress
- Headache, dizziness
- Hypokalemia and hyperglycemia from adrenergic stimulation
Drug Interactions
- CYP1A2 inhibitors (e.g., cimetidine, ciprofloxacin) increase aminophylline serum concentrations
- CYP1A2 inducers (e.g., rifampin, smoking) decrease aminophylline serum concentrations
- Beta-blockers antagonize the bronchodilating effects and may cause severe bronchospasm
- Additive toxicity with other sympathomimetic agents or central nervous system stimulants
- Digitalis glycosides increase risk of cardiac arrhythmias
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use