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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM › COUGH AND COLD PREPARATIONS › COUGH SUPPRESSANTS, EXCL. COMBINATIONS WITH EXPECTORANTS › Opium alkaloids and derivatives
opium alkaloids with morphine
R05DA05
Forms & Strengths
- Oral solution containing mixed opium alkaloids equivalent to morphine
- Concentrated oral drops
Adult Dosing
- 5 to 10 mg orally every 4 hours as needed for severe acute cough or pain
- Titrate cautiously based on individual response and opioid tolerance
Pediatric Dosing
- Not recommended for pediatric patients due to risks of respiratory depression and opioid toxicity
- Safety and efficacy not established in children
Indications
- Temporary relief of severe non-productive cough refractory to other agents
- Management of severe acute pain where opioid therapy is appropriate
Mechanism of Action
- Acts centrally on the cough center in the medulla to elevate the threshold for coughing
- Agonist at mu-opioid receptors in the central nervous system, producing analgesia and sedation
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to opium alkaloids or morphine
- Significant respiratory depression
- Acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting
- Known or suspected paralytic ileus
Adverse Reactions
- Respiratory depression
- Somnolence and sedation
- Constipation
- Nausea and vomiting
- Dizziness and lightheadedness
- Urinary retention
- Dependence and abuse potential
Drug Interactions
- Central nervous system depressants (alcohol, benzodiazepines, sedatives) increase risk of profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) may precipitate severe unpredictable hyperactive or hypotensive reactions
- Potent CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers may alter metabolism
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use