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SENSORY ORGANS › OPHTHALMOLOGICALS › ANTIGLAUCOMA PREPARATIONS AND MIOTICS › Beta blocking agents
timolol
S01ED01
Forms & Strengths
- Ophthalmic solution: 0.25%, 0.5%
- Ophthalmic gel-forming solution: 0.25%, 0.5%
Adult Dosing
- Open-angle glaucoma / ocular hypertension: 1 drop of 0.25% solution into affected eye(s) twice daily; if clinical response is inadequate, adjust to 1 drop of 0.5% solution twice daily
- Gel-forming solution: 1 drop (0.25% or 0.5%) into affected eye(s) once daily
Pediatric Dosing
- Glaucoma in pediatric patients: 1 drop of 0.25% solution into affected eye(s) twice daily
- May increase to 0.5% solution twice daily if necessary; contraindicated in premature infants or neonates
Indications
- Treatment of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma
Mechanism of Action
- Non-selective beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptor blocker
- Reduces intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous humor production and slightly increasing outflow facility
Contraindications
- Bronchial asthma
- History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Sinus bradycardia
- Second- or third-degree atrioventricular block
- Overt cardiac failure
- Cardiogenic shock
- Hypersensitivity to timolol maleate
Adverse Reactions
- Ocular burning or stinging upon instillation
- Blurred vision
- Dry eyes
- Corneal erosion
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Bronchospasm
- Fatigue
- Depression
- Dizziness
Drug Interactions
- Systemic beta-blockers: potential for additive systemic effects (e.g., lowered blood pressure, bradycardia)
- Calcium channel blockers (oral): potential for atrioventricular conduction disturbances, left ventricular failure, and hypotension
- Catecholamine-depleting drugs (e.g., reserpine): potential additive effects resulting in hypotension and/or marked bradycardia
- CYP2D6 inhibitors (e.g., quinidine): may potentiate systemic beta-blockade
- Digitalis and calcium antagonists: potential additive effects on prolonged AV conduction
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use