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atropine

S01FA01

Forms & Strengths

Ophthalmic Solution: 0.5%, 1%, 2%
Ophthalmic Ointment: 1%

Adult Dosing

Uveitis: Instill 1 to 2 drops of 0.5% or 1% solution into the affected eye(s) up to TID to QID
Refraction: Instill 1 to 2 drops of 1% solution into the eye(s) 1 hour before the procedure

Pediatric Dosing

Uveitis (Children > 3 months): Instill 1 to 2 drops of 0.5% solution up to TID
Refraction (Children > 3 months): Instill 1 to 2 drops of 0.5% solution twice daily for 1 to 3 days prior to examination

Indications

Production of cycloplegia and mydriasis for diagnostic procedures
Treatment of inflammatory conditions such as acute uveitis or iritis
Penalization therapy for amblyopia

Mechanism of Action

Competitive antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M3 subtype in the eye)
Blocks responses of sphincter muscle of the iris and ciliary muscle to cholinergic stimulation
Results in paralysis of accommodation (cycloplegia) and dilation of the pupil (mydriasis)

Contraindications

Known hypersensitivity to atropine or any component of the formulation
Primary angle-closure glaucoma or predisposition to narrow-angle glaucoma
Children with a history of previous severe systemic reaction to atropine

Adverse Reactions

Transient stinging, burning, and blurred vision upon instillation
Increased intraocular pressure and photophobia
Systemic anticholinergic effects: dry mouth, flushed skin, tachycardia, constipation, and urinary retention (especially in children)

Drug Interactions

Concomitant use with other anticholinergic drugs may potentiate systemic anticholinergic adverse effects
Carbachol, pilocarpine, or ophthalmic cholinesterase inhibitors may antagonize the therapeutic effects of atropine
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors may enhance anticholinergic toxicity

Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use