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SENSORY ORGANS › OPHTHALMOLOGICALS › LOCAL ANESTHETICS › Local anesthetics
chloroprocaine
S01HA08
Forms & Strengths
- Injectable solution 1%
- Injectable solution 2%
- Injectable solution 3%
Adult Dosing
- Infiltration: 1% to 2% solution, maximum dose 800 mg with epinephrine
- Peripheral nerve block: 1% to 2% solution
- Caudal block: 2% to 3% solution, up to 25 mL
- Epidural block: 2% to 3% solution, up to 25 mL
Pediatric Dosing
- Caudal block (infants and children): 2% to 3% solution, 0.5 to 1.5 mL/kg
Indications
- Production of local or regional anesthesia by infiltration
- Peripheral nerve block
- Central neural block (epidural and caudal blocks)
Mechanism of Action
- Estrogen-linked local anesthetic that reversibly blocks nerve conduction
- Decreases sodium ion permeability of neuronal membranes
- Inhibits depolarization and blocks propagation of the action potential
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to ester-type local anesthetics
- Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) or paraben hypersensitivity
- Obstetric paracervical block (associated with fetal bradycardia and death)
- Intrathecal (subarachnoid) administration (preservative-containing formulations)
Adverse Reactions
- Central nervous system toxicity (dizziness, tinnitus, tremors, seizures)
- Cardiovascular toxicity (hypotension, myocardial depression, bradycardia, cardiac arrest)
- Allergic reactions, urticaria, anaphylaxis
- Neurological complications (arachnoiditis, persistent neurologic deficit with high spinal block)
Drug Interactions
- Class III antiarrhythmic drugs (additive cardiac depression)
- Other local anesthetics (additive systemic toxicity)
- Cholinesterase inhibitors (decreased metabolism of ester anesthetics)
- Neuromuscular blocking agents (prolonged apnea)
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use