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VARIOUS › DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS › OTHER DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS › Tests for gastric secretion
caffeine and sodium benzoate
V04CG30
Forms & Strengths
- Injection: 250 mg/mL caffeine and sodium benzoate (125 mg/mL caffeine anhydrous and 125 mg/mL sodium benzoate)
Adult Dosing
- Dural puncture headache (off-label): 500 mg in 1,000 mL IV fluid infused over 1 to 2 hours
- Respiratory depression/apnea in neonates (historical): 10 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg IV/IM loading dose, followed by maintenance
Pediatric Dosing
- Neonatal apnea (historical/off-label): Loading dose 10 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg IV/IM, followed by 2.5 mg/kg to 5 mg/kg daily maintenance
Indications
- Diagnostic aid in certain evaluations (historical)
- Management of post-dural puncture headache (off-label)
- Treatment of neonatal apnea (off-label, largely replaced by caffeine citrate)
Mechanism of Action
- Non-selective competitive adenosine receptor antagonist (A1 and A2A subtypes)
- Inhibits phosphodiesterase, leading to increased intracellular cyclic AMP
- Stimulates the central nervous system, particularly medullary respiratory centers
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to caffeine, benzoate, or xanthine derivatives
- Severe cardiac arrhythmias
- Peptic ulcer disease (active)
Adverse Reactions
- Central nervous system: Insomnia, jitteriness, restlessness, anxiety, seizures at high doses
- Cardiovascular: Tachycardia, palpitations, arrhythmias, hypertension
- Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, gastric irritation
- Renal: Diuresis
Drug Interactions
- CYP1A2 inhibitors (e.g., ciprofloxacin, fluvoxamine): Decrease caffeine metabolism, increasing toxicity risk
- CYP1A2 inducers (e.g., smoking, carbamazepine): Increase caffeine clearance and decrease efficacy
- Sympathomimetic agents: Enhances risk of CNS and cardiovascular stimulation
- Theophylline: Additive pharmacodynamic stimulation and toxicity
Curated Content: Needs Vetting Before Put to Clinical Use